Tuesday, March 15, 2011

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Kalanchoe 'Tessa'

The Kalanchoe 'Tessa' is a hybrid of Bryophyllum Mangin (Kalanchoe Mangini) and gracilipes Bryophyllum (Kalanchoe gracilipes and syn. Kitching gracilipes). It does not produce seeds because the flowers are sterile, but it is easy to play like other succulents, for multiplication.
has a low bushy habit, not exceeding 40 cm in height and grows well in pots even perfect for interiors.
It is characterized by ovate leaves reddish hues (... more pronounced when exposed to bright light) and red flowers pendulous. Not to be confused with the Kalanchoe eat, very similar but with a markedly pù drooping habit of the whole plant.

It is quite resistant to low temperatures, but best not to subject it to severe frosts. He needs lots of light and if you do not overuse the irrigation at the end of winter gives unpredictable and full blooms.

Sunday, March 13, 2011

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A kalanchoe in its environment!
http://o-bau-do-zejulio.blogspot.com/2011/03/os-kalanchoe-em-flor-da-catita.html

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Hardenbergia climbing smoothly

A semi wild bush on the edge of a road in Campidano Milis Oristano.
I photographed this magnificent Hardenbergia sure that no one cared.
His abundant flowering stands in late winter. Suitable for balconies.

Wednesday, March 9, 2011

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Herbalist Course Mel and Segusino

Programme (Mel and Segusino Side of pages)

The course takes place in eight classes, seven of which theoretical which will be discussed and illustrated on the blackboard with the help of about 150 to 200 slides. The first four lessons are basic and provide the tools critical to be able to intervene on various

disease and our health.
The remaining three classes will address the most important diseases, explaining the cause and how to intervene to prevent and cure them. The last lesson, the eighth will be a guided tour of the Alpine Garden Cansiglio illustrate where medicinal plants covered in the lectures and those of the Pre-alps.
In this study day will take part in friends and relatives in order to turn this into an opportunity to lecture the whole family. During the lessons there is no need to take notes because the next day sent in PDF format complete and faithful transcription of the lesson which in turn attached material and tables in depth. During this trail-cultural us moments of depth that will address the culture and tradition, so as to give the broadest overview of what it means to health, natural medicine and herbal medicine.
To register call or just send an e-mail:
name and telephone number. At the beginning of the first lesson will be completed with the entry fee payment to our association.

Blog on the side of the page you will find the program and the lesson of the day for Mel and Segusino.

Vittorio Alberti - Medicinal Plants Research Centre - Valley Schievenin - Quero BL
For more info contact me by e-mail or to cell 0439 788443. 366 45 95 970

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Food and Health

The food pyramid is a model used to describe a diet and is currently indicated as the basis of rules to manage power and not necessarily as a model food with a view to slimming diets.

Use the food pyramid to describe a set of nutritional rules do not necessarily imply a quantitative indication (portions, calories, percentage of macronutrients), and often are only qualitative indications (the favor one type of food over another).
There are many food pyramids proposed in the literature, such as "Pyramid Mediterranean" regarding the "Mediterranean diet" diet which obviously does not exist because the term was coined in the U.S. to indicate the Italian diet.
As explained above, in the second lesson of the Course Herbal and Natural Food, the task of a proper diet is to keep us healthy and give us efficiency and prevent our predispositions inherited from the family of father and mother.
The image above shows the "pyramid" normally used by people and months at school, where we imagine that the ideal diet is one where every meal you must eat all the food types that exist and We can help.

Danger: too much animal protein, excess saturated fats, excess sugar and acidification of the body.

Clearly in a society based on consumerism and the business we are not people who are ill, but we of consumers "have become ill." In this way, eating poorly, sick, increase their earnings ... a double advantage to the multinationals, because they make us sick first and then make us spend more money to cure us.

looking curiously at the TV and newspapers, how much advertising is in snacks, sweets, biscuits, meat, sofficini, cheeses, sausages etc.. and how much devoted to soups, fruits and vegetables?
If people eat as it says the publicity ... and if it does not mean that advertising works, those people can stay healthy?

So what to do? Return to common sense and reclaim the ancient culture of our country.

One of the most common urban legends reaffirms that Italian cooking is the best in the world, this would be true if people eat on average and they knew they were in possession of the historic culture that has made the famous' Italy in the world.
Example:
What is the herb that is put into sauce Italian, which is Bolognese?
What is the only Venetian first course?
What culture or people invented the risotto alla Milanese?
What is the ingredient of any modern stew?
Answer or looking for answers in books and internet and understand that things are not so easy and obvious.
But what was the great Italian cooking?
Italian cuisine was a simple kitchen, and then tied to the territory mainly of peasant based on fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes, and only at parties and celebrations are represented by introducing animal protein from eggs, sausages, I read, casseroles, stews and roasts rarely. There was the steak and slice it arrives on our tables after the sixties.

So how to eat ... obviously the most biologically possible.

1) The most important part of our diet should consist of cereals in the form of dough, ingredients for soups, and bread for breakfast (preferably organic and sourdough).
2) fruits and vegetables several times a day.
3) legumes as side dishes and soups such as chickpeas, fenugreek, green soybean, soybeans, red lentils, broad beans, kidney beans, beans cannellini zaleti. blacks, reds, spain etc..
4) Vegetable soups, at least once a week.
5) meat of your choice better grilled, boiled, baked, or at most twice a week.
6) fish as above, more than once a week.
7) eggs once a week.
8) cheese of your choice, once a week
9) sausages once every fortnight, replacing the meal of meat.
10) chopped nuts in salads, desserts and rarely alone.
11) Sweets, as little as possible and at parties.
12) wine and not only the highest quality.
13) Beer: rarely.
14) oil only cold-pressed extra-virgin olive oil or flax.
15) Butter: almost never.

weekly diet :

All breakfasts plants: coffee, barley coffee, tea + fruit or cereal or yogurt.
Snacks: only fruit or yogurt or pastry and a little sweet
Lunch: vegetarian only with raw or cooked vegetables, pasta or cereal or soup with bread.
Dinners: 3 vegetable dinners such as lunch.
dinners: dinner with 4 + protein + vegetables soup without pasta (optional) + bread.

weekly representation of the Diet.

In the green protein-free vegetarian meals. In red and marked with a "P " meals in which to introduce a protein.

This project will allow hard-looking to make a good supply weekly in the as the occasional Sgarro, dinner with friends and parties fall without affecting your health. Use of this dissociated diet in which proteins are separated as much as possible from legumes and cereals, will allow your digestive system to have times of intense work and rest so that energy is essentially used to digest but also to think.

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

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Foods that may cause or contributing cause of headaches

Caffeine in coffee and soft drinks (Coca cola) because they have vasodilating action.

Salt
subjects predisposed them one of the causes and then reduce the salt and salt-containing foods such as cheese, cheese, sausages.

salami, because they contain nitrites, substances having a vasodilatory action, and that would trigger the attacks.

cheeses, because they contain the tyramine, which would interfere with adrenaline, a hormone that plays a key role on cerebral vessels and is the cause of stress.
Foods high in tyramine and other biogenic amines :
type cheddar cheese, gorgonzola, gouda, roquefort, brie, pecorino, Gruyère.
little fresh or preserved fish, like herring, tuna , caviar . Sausage, sausages, game.
beer, red wine and fermented beverages, figs, beans, tofu, tempeh, miso soup, yeast extract , chocolate , nuts and grapes.

foods that contain nitrites and nitrates .
I nitrite (E249, E250) and nitrate (E251, E252) are substances naturally present in food animals, plants and water.
are added as additives to sausages, hams, sausages, canned meat and other meat, fish marinated in dairy products and sometimes . If we want to analyze in greater depth the problem of these compounds are also found naturally in plants where their percentage depends on a lot from fertilizers used and if they are grown in greenhouses (increase) and exposure to sunlight that makes them fall. For this reason plants from organic crops contain a lower percentage of nitrates

types of vegetables high in nitrates (avoid for migraines):
lettuce, kohlrabi , lettuce, nasturtium, watercress, beet, chard, radish, horseradish, rhubarb , beetroot, spinach

types of vegetables average content of nitrates
top turnip, endive, fennel , kale, celery, cabbage, cabbage, zucchini.

types of vegetables with low nitrate content :
eggplant, green beans, cauliflower, broccoli, chicory , pea, cucumber , potatoes, sprouts, carrot, bell pepper, mushrooms, leeks, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, bitter root, asparagus, tomato, onion .

Chocolate , betafeniletilamina because it contains a substance that increases the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that, when present in excess, it acts on brain areas responsible for pain, and because it contains caffeine (see caffeine).

Sodium glutamate: contained in the bouillon cubes, in many stuffed tortellini and ravioli and many sauces or savory like bovis.

fruit such as oranges, strawberries, avocado bananas, plums.

Red Wine, because it contains flavonoids, which promote the action of tannin substances responsible for the headaches.

Wine White , because it contains sulfur dioxide as a preservative, a substance with vasodilating action.

Sunday, March 6, 2011

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The small family of R. bracteata

These days, a terrible cold wind (the Bora) whip my garden with gusts reaching 170 km per hour! I am very concerned about the more delicate rose, among them is the family of bracteata. I take this opportunity to present, the rose is the species R. bracteata, so called bracts, which are the characteristics of the glass flower. Viewed from near the bud is a marvel to the soft velvet that covers, in addition to the scales, even the sepals. This is one of the few botanical by virtue of the Blooming, but in fact starting to bloom in summer and continues to open new doors to the flowers of autumn. The flowers are large, more than 8 cm in diameter, white and fragrant, much frequented by bees.



The R. bracteata was discovered in 1765 by Lord McCartney may be a shrub of more than 4 meters in diameter may be used as a vine, its leaves are semipersistenti.



The rose 'Mermaid' descends from the crossing between the tea rose and a bracteata not known. Introduced in 1918, as the mother begins to bloom in midsummer and continues until autumn, but with single flowers that can reach over 12 cm in diameter with a warm yellow fading to white. Also can form huge shrubs, better treat it as a climber and have it go up a tree or a sturdy structure.



Of the three, this is certainly the most rare wonder, 'Maria Leonida' petals curled inside a butter yellow, surrounded by large white outer petals. Exactly like the previous ones, except for the flowers, also derived from crossing between bracteata and a tea rose. All three roses are armed with ferocious spines bent into a hook that can guarantee truly deadly. 'Maria Leonida' is also provided with a good smell and like the others can not stand the cold weather, especially if associated with the wind that dries. Does prodursele cuttings in order to have plants that can repel the foot in case of frost. This charming pink deserves a place in any garden, especially in warm regions.
addition to these, it seems that hybrids do not produce other varieties, ignoring the potential of these roses can be grown in warmer lands.

Monday, February 28, 2011

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garry ELLIPTICA 'James Roof' Kalanchoe

AND 'flowers now, in midwinter, This small evergreen shrub.
Only male plants bear these catkins from yellow / green, the flowers of female plants are less attractive.
these shrubs come from America, and are new to the garden.

Saturday, February 26, 2011

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Westringia a plant for many landscape uses

the Westringia, from Australia, is well suited to all areas of Sardinia, near the sea dela tolerate the "mistral" and is content with a little water and not land own fertile.
inland areas unaffected by frost and compact form hedges and tidy.
With these features is likely to become invasive like the now abused Eleagnus.

Friday, February 25, 2011

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marnieriana

Cultivating little "showy" kalanchoe leaves at least have the satisfaction of the curious blooms in winter.
This year my plants are in fact giving me flowers I'd never seen before. The last was marnieriana Kalanchoe, succulent with a small prostrate leaves and a light green almost round but with irregular margins and reddish, usually not exceeding 4 cm. The bell-shaped flowers and pendulous orange-red no longer than 3 cm. It is not difficult to grow a variety and also withstand temperatures a few degrees below zero.

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God is there but not you ...

From what appears to be beaten by simple t-shirt may arise other than food for thought ...
Some personal and self-critical, far more controversial to anyone who tends to act as God or as a single official custodian of His Will ...
The joke is this, the insights I leave to each one of those who read ...

Thursday, February 10, 2011

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Pseudolarix amabilis, synonymous

Case & Country in January 2011
not all agree on the fact that they are synonyms, but I could describe what I see and I think I can support, in the few botanic gardens where there is is called the two names interchangeably.
Recently, there are more widespread, people began to know they exist, but ... they are only thumbnails, but live thumbnails. What I mean is that you begin to see how bonsai. Somehow the charm subisco bonsai, when it comes to "real" bonsai, but I am fundamentally convinced that the specimen is in some way imprisoned, if not tortured. Some saw a bird in a cage would want to buy it to restore his freedom, I have done the same thing, I bought a bonsai Pinus parviflora and I "liberated" is growing happily in my garden, in a few years already feet tall.
I fell in love immediately pseudolarix of a tree which comes from China, rare to see in our parks. After seeing him
Isola Madre, and Villa Taranto on Lake Maggiore, I wanted to procure some plants - and has not been easy - for the nursery but especially for me, I planted a few plants to see them grow, although the texts I've seen (in this case I have not direct experience), it seems that my land does not provide ideal conditions. I hope to have the same positive surprises that I had with Taxodium.
Some people think when they see it is a larch, are unable to understand the small differences between the two, who then are not so small. Its leaves, soft green and soft as in larix, are longer, reaching even to 6 cm and form asymmetric bunches. The difference between the two kinds of cones is even more pronounced, but it is not easy to meet with pseudolarix cones.
The port, the arrangement of branches, attracts more than a Cedrus atlantica a larch. Its needles in autumn, before falling, take a beautiful deep yellow color. For this reason, in the East is also known as Golden Larch.
stand the heat much more than the larch, especially in summer, and this allows a much more widespread use in gardens. In the service sector
occupied vast areas in northern Europe, both believed that amber Baltic resulting from its fossilized resin.
deserves a much greater spread of this plant, which still remains important in his country of origin, even in medicine, but it's the same old thing, if the gardeners, the designers of gardens, landscapes do not know him do not offer it, and will always remain difficult to find on the market. We can not wait to be the nurseries to find out the pseudolarix and decide to grow it, then if no one buys it.
will be the time that we thank the fans of bonsai for its spread.

You can see examples of Pseudolarix in the gardens of Lake Maggiore Isola Madre and Villa Taranto.

Friday, February 4, 2011

How You Get Foot And Mouth



Uncaria tomentosa (Fam. Rubiaceae)

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. et Schult) DC (family Rubiaceae ), a climbing shrub of the Amazon rainforest and other tropical areas of South and Central America [ Uncaria , from the Latin uncus = curved, hook for hook-shaped spines on the trunk ; tomentosa, from the Latin tomentum = wool, hair, the hair that covers the leaves].
The plant, called by the Spaniards' gato de a "presents an up to 20 m tall, square in section with features and large hooked spines 4-7 cm long and 9-17 cm, facing down and the leaves are green with wavy margins and yellowish, are opposite, short petioled, oval-oblong, hairy with ribs clearly visible. The flowers, reddish, are collected in terminal clusters. There are several species of Uncaria (Table 1), but two most common and used for their various properties are U. tomentosa and U. guianensis . However, even if interchangeable, is the first that arouses interest because it is richer in alkaloids, easy to standardize. U. tomentosa can be sophisticated with other species, for example in China are using the root and bark U. rhynchophylla .
In Germany and Austria uncaria must be prescribed by the doctor and the United States is the best-selling drug.

Parties used the bark of the roots and lower parts of the stem.

Composition and properties
Bark, representing the drug is taken by the roots and lower parts of the trunk in patients adults before flowering. In nature there are two chemotypes: the first contains the roots predominantly ossindolici pentacyclic alkaloids, the second, it contains mostly ossindolici tetracyclic alkaloids.
ossindolici pentacyclic alkaloids (or isopteropodina uncarina And pteropodina uncarina or C, isomitrafillina, mitrafillina, uncarina F, speciofillina) and tetracyclic (rincofillina, isorincofillina, coorinoxeina, hirsutinina, corinanteina) 3,4-dehydro-5-carbossistrictosidina.
quinovico acid triterpene glycosides (tomentosidi A and B).
acetyl derivatives of beta-sitosterol, stigma-sterol and campesterol.
polyphenols (procyanidins, epicatechin).
poliidrossilati triterpenes.

pharmacological properties (potential Astrology):

immunomodulating and immunostimulating.
Antioxidants.
anti-inflammatory.
antirheumatic.
Antivirals
antimutagenic.

Immunostimulatory Activity
The Cat's Claw can stimulate or modulate the immune regulating homeostasis.
The immunostimulant activity, due to ossindolici pentacyclic alkaloids and polyphenols, is highlighted by increased phagocytosis and enhancement of the number and activity of immunocompetent cells.
Uncaria extracts stimulate the production of interleukin-1 (IL-I) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in alveolar macrophages of rats showing immunostimulatory activity.
The IL-I is a signaling molecule able to induce the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes B and T. The immunomodulating action dell'Uncaria is expressed also by inhibiting the activation of the transcription factor NF-Kappa B, improving the response of B and T lymphocytes, enhancing the phagocytic action.
ossindolici pentacyclic alkaloids in human endothelial cells induce the release of an activating factor regulation and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes responsible for the response immune.

Antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, radical scavengers, anti-rheumatic
quinovico acid glycosides are partially responsible for anti-inflammatory properties along with sterols and polyphenols.
Uncaria protects the in vitro cells from oxidative stress by highlighting anti-inflammatory properties (prevents the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB activating B cells).
One animal study showed a higher anti-inflammatory activity of Uncaria hydroalcoholic extract against the aqueous extract.
extracts showed weak inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 involved in inflammation.
Other research confirms the role of antioxidant activity of the extract together with radical scavenger.
The Uncaria is also a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced cell adhesion and therefore of the same, thus confirming a definite anti-inflammatory role.
Antiviral activity, antimutagenic
Some glycosides of quinovico have antiviral activity. The plant hinders the activity of DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase responsible for the replication of certain viruses.
anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties warranting the use of the species in infectious diseases.
The Uncaria is neither toxic (in vitro and in vivo) nor mutagenic in vivo. The aqueous extracts of the species showed in vitro inhibitory effects against the proliferation of human tumor cells probably mediated through the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Directions for use:

chronic infectious and inflammatory disorders.
immunodeficiency syndromes.
degenerative diseases
Drainage pathogenic factors and degenerative (in association castanea vesca with gems)
increase after a week of leukocytes
increase after three weeks of cytotoxic T leukocytes

Always use and essentially hydroalcoholic extract.

Dosage
40-50 drops in a little water before three pasti.ù
synergistic Plants: Echinacea and Tabebuia.
Plants acting opposite Ribes nigrum gemmoderivato

In 50 drops in prevention little water morning and night before or between meals
Children

body weight x 2: 3
if a child weighs 15 kg.
15 x 2 = 30: 3 = 10 drops in a little water three times a day

Tuesday, February 1, 2011

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New monkey!!


There are different names at different sites, and you do not understand what is original and which are Chinese ... (An eye on all Chinese anyway).
And after several searches on the site that inspires me more to be sorted is this ... hopefully good!

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Friday, January 28, 2011

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magnetic balls on happiness

I was lucky enough to read it again ... and I think it would do well to read it all, now and then!
is amazing to see how the wisdom of the ancient Romans is still so relevant and useful ...

Link Letter to the complete happiness of Epicurus

Excerpts:

Never too young or too old for the knowledge of happiness. At any age it's nice to look after the welfare of our minds.

There is nothing terrible in life for those who really know that there is nothing to be afraid of not living anymore. Therefore, it is fool who claims to be afraid of death, not because his arrival he will suffer, but because it affects the waiting continues. What once this crowd there, foolishly expected us crazy.
The real test, as he does not mind living, so is not afraid to live no longer. For him life is not bad, nor is it an evil not to live. But how to choose the best food, not quantity, so it enjoys the longest time, but the sweetest.

A firm knowledge of makes you want to bring any choice or refusal to the wellbeing of body and soul in perfect peace, because this is what the good life, we address this in everything we do, in order to turn away from suffering and anxiety.

Once this was all internal storm ceases, because our living organism is no longer in need of anything, nothing should look for the good of the soul and body. In fact, we feel pleasure when they need to suffer the lack of it. But when we do not need not suffer.

why we feel the pleasure principle and the end of the happy life, because we have recognized well before us and congenital. It inspires us for every act of choice or rejection, and choose on the basis of all good feeling of pleasure and pain.

E 'primary good and natural for us, so we do not choose every pleasure. Sometimes it should leave out some you can visit us more harm than good, and some suffering preferable to judge whether a same pleasures greatest pleasure we can experience after having long endured.

Every pleasure is so good at its deepest level, but we do not choose them all. Similarly, any pain is bad, but not everyone is always to be avoided.

also consider independence a good thing because not always the needs we should be content with little, but to enjoy this too little if we happen to not have much, we are convinced that the abundance is has more sweetness if not depend on it. After all that is really necessary is not difficult to come by, the unnecessary is difficult.

Knowing how to live a little, not only brings health and makes us free of apprehension towards the needs of life but also, at intervals when we happen to lead a life rich, it makes us better appreciate the condition and indifferent to the jokes of fate.































Thursday, January 27, 2011

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Pseudolarix kaempferi 'Fimbriata' and 'Pink Grootendorst' Astrophytum asterias

Two interesting hybrid of R. rugosa that deserve a place in the garden for their hardiness and drawing flowers. The name derives from the characteristic pink wrinkled and thick veins running through the leaves making them rough to the touch.

Introduced in 1891, the Rosa rugosa 'Fimbriata' is also known as 'Dianthiflora' for its flowers like carnations (dianthus). It may form a shrub that can exceed 2 meters. high, the branches are very rich in spines, a feature common to the rough. It shows a good flourishing, its flowers opening show shades of pink pearly white in the fading with time, light but well have a pleasant fragrance.

the 'Pink Grootendorst', introduced in 1923 is a mutation of 'FJ Grootendorst', a wrinkled red flower. Again the petals show the raw edge feature similar to 'Fimbriata' but are more numerous and the smell is faint, pink coral with shades open. Perpetual rustic and can reach a height of almost 2 meters.

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

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cold weather in recent days, I tend to look good weather between the photos taken last year. This beautiful bloom belongs
all'Astrophytum asterias, a cactus native to Mexico, whose name derives from the greek aster (star), the characteristic shape. It has a bulbous stem
slow-growing (up to 10 cm in diameter), marked by more or less deep furrows and covered with the characteristic areolae, with distribution varies from one hybrid and provided with small spines.
prefers semi-arid land and slightly chalky. Be careful with the watering! Better than too little ... that too! Tolerates low temperatures for short periods. It multiplies by seed and produces interesting flowers.

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blessed thistle ELECTIVE PLAN FOR LIVER

Silybum marianum (L.)

The thistle is a biennial or annual medicinal plant is used as a traditional remedy for centuries in the problems of the liver.

The milk thistle is a plant to erect and vigorous, has large leaves, lobed, bright green in color, with bright white streaks and edge thorny and ciliate. The flowers are a beautiful violet are surrounded by bratee thorny and combined into large copolini . Flowering occurs in summer, and the plant can grow to one and a half high.
This plant character seminfestante particularly widespread in the Mediterranean area, principally in southern and central Italy, rarely in North Italy. It is found with relative ease in fallow fields, pastures, along the edges of the paths through the rubble.
it, you use the leaves, roots and seeds. The van leaves picked in spring and in a shady spot to dry and ventilated, while the roots are removed in the spring or autumn. Peel from the earth are dried after being cut to pieces. The seeds are harvested by shaking of the head dried.

The part of the plant that is used is the dried ripe fruit and leaves (less active).
This drug contains a 1.5 to 3% of flavonolignans collectively called silymarin, which
phytocomplex farmacologicamete is the main focus.
The major component of silymarin is silybin silibinina or a 50:50 mixture of silybin A and silybin B [1] as well silidianina [2], silicristina [3], and small amounts of isosilibina, too ' it as a mixture of diastereoisomers trans.

pharmacological properties

Antioxidant activity
silymarin and silibilina exert antioxidant activity in vitro reacting with free radicals
oxygen level of platelets, fibroblasts, and mitochondria liver. There is also an indirect effect related to the antioxidant capacity of the plant complex to inhibit cytochrome P450 activity which generates oxygen free radicals. Silymarin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by oxygen free radicals on human red blood cells, causing the stabilization of the structure of the cell membrane. AMPciclico dependent phosphodiesterase is inhibited by the plant complex, this may be one of the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action since the cAMP stabilizes lysosomal membranes and an increase in its concentration can reduce the degranulation
inflammatory cells.

hepatoprotective activity
There are many mechanisms of action called in to explain the hepatoprotective action of silymarin, some such as the reduction of lipid peroxides and free radical scavenger action, have already been listed. In addition, the literature reports the change of membrane properties and the reduction of liver fibrogenesis as additional protective factors. The sibilina binds to the regulatory subunit of RNA polymerase I-dependent DNA near the binding site of estrogen acts as an effector natural steroid, the increase in ribosomal RNA in the liver stimulates the formation of ribosomes and thus protein synthesis. The extract contains a large amount of phosphatidylcholine, which prevents the development of hepatic fibrosis.

anti-inflammatory activity
The main anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin appears to be related to its ability to inhibit nuclear factor-kB transcriptional (NF-kB) that regulates the expression of several molecules involved in inflammatory response, survival, growth and cell differentiation. In particular, NF-kB promotes the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF, INF-γ and GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor).
In leukocytes inhibits human basophil histamine release mediated by neutrophils. It also inhibits histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and Kupffer cells isolated from rat inhibited the synthesis of leukotriene B4. In vitro, the four isomers inhibited the activity of lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.

Antiviral activity
Although used as supportive therapy in liver diseases of viral origin, was not evidence of a direct activity against HCV.

antitumor activity
Silymarin has proved capable of reducing the proliferation of tumor cells of various types (prostate, ovary, breast, lung, skin and bladder). The main mode of action is due to the modulation of the expression of cyclins, CDK and CDKinhibitors.
was also recently found that silymarin reduces the increase in cell proliferation caused by UVB radiation, also inhibits the microvascular density, inflammation and angiogenic reactions.
In some types of cancer cells (melanoma), silymarin induces apoptosis.
antiangiogenic activity has been demonstrated in several types of cancer, in particular has been demonstrated that these molecules reduce the secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the cells of prostate cancer, breast and lung.
Nevertheless, through interaction with the genome and the modulation of gene expression of molecules such as MMP-2, u-PA, ERK1 / 2, AP-1 and NF-kB takes the phytocomplex Antimetastatic a very important role.

Clinical use
acute hepatitis and chronic
cirrhosis induced by alcohol, drugs and toxins
necrosis of liver cell
stenosis
fatty liver
poisoning

Basic:
in this short text we have referred to the active ingredients that qualify and motivate the work the thistle, but this is obviously "limited" in fact we will use and always up in each case the extraction of active ingredients but the plant, thistle, as a whole, therefore, always use macerated in hydroalcoholic extracts of fresh plant.

Dosage: 40-50 drops in a little water before meals three